The top 5 National Parks in Colombia offering diverse ecosystems include Tayrona National Natural Park for Caribbean beaches, El Cocuy for glacial trekking, and Serranía de la Macarena for the famous 'River of Five Colors'. Travelers also frequent Los Nevados for high-altitude volcanic landscapes and Chingaza for bear watching near Bogotá. For remote adventures, Cahuinarí and Cueva de los Guácharos protect unique Amazonian wildlife and ancient caves.
The Republic of Colombia brings together every beautiful aspect of South American life. While architectural wonders and inviting beaches attract many tourists, the country’s rich nature escapes are equally impressive. Its 59 national parks are part of the National System of Protected Areas. Each is special, but this guide focuses on 5 National Parks In Colombia that offer unique experiences, plus two bonus locations you should know about.
1. Cahuinarí National Park
Located in the Amazon region of Colombia, near Puerto Santander, this nature reserve protects countless animal and plant species. It is also home to indigenous communities such as the Andoque, Miraña, Nonyuna-Muinane, Bora, and Huitoto. Note that some local groups have suffered due to historical rubber exploitation. We recommend choosing a guide from these communities to learn about this place respectfully.
Among the many animals, you can spot jaguars, armadillos, anteaters, panthers, giant constrictor snakes, and many primates. The park is famous for the Charapa turtle, one of the largest freshwater turtle species.
Cahuinarí National Park offers natural wonders like the Bernardo and Caquetá rivers. The Caquetá River holds pre-Hispanic petroglyphs, which are typically visible in February when water levels drop. Visiting local communities to learn about their customs is a highlight of any trip here.
2. Tayrona National Natural Park
Located in the Caribbean region, Tayrona National Park is the ancestral land of the four indigenous communities of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. It is the perfect destination to sunbathe on natural beaches. If you stay longer than a day, you can tent at Cabo San Juan beach and move to a different campsite the next evening.
Hiking and Closures
Hikers will enjoy the El Pueblito hike, which passes through a 5-century-old archeological site. Other options include the Cañaveral Trail, Arrecifes Trail, or the main Tayrona National Park Trail for spotting wildlife.
- Important: The park closes three times a year (usually February, June, and October) for indigenous spiritual cleansing rituals. Check the official dates before booking.
The park protects hundreds of species, including primates, reptiles, and birds. The coral reef is a marine reservation with high biodiversity. These ecosystems are delicate, so please leave the park cleaner than you found it.
3. Cueva de los Guácharos National Park
Located in the Andean Belt, Cueva de los Guácharos is the oldest national park in Colombia and a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Its name comes from the guácharos (oilbirds), nocturnal birds that live in the area’s caves. This park is a prime spot for ecotourism, with strict rules to protect the environment.
Experienced hikers will find the trails challenging and must bring a guide. You can camp in tents, provided you do not build fires or disturb wildlife with noise. During your hike, look for primates, bears, or pumas.
- The Indian Cave: Admire fossils embedded in the walls and unique calcite formations.
- Cave of the Guácharos: Take a tour to see the nocturnal birds in their natural habitat.
4. Serranía de la Macarena National Park
Situated at the intersection of the Orinoco, Andes, and Amazon regions, La Macarena National Park offers diverse adventures. It is famous for Caño Cristales, often called the “Rainbow River” or “River of Five Colors.” The red, yellow, and blue hues come from Macarenia clavigera, an aquatic plant that blooms on the rocks.
The varied geography supports many ecosystems. Over 500 bird species, 100 reptile species, and mammals like jaguars and deer live here. Locals focus heavily on conservation, making the park pristine. You will find the effort rewarding when you encounter the streams, waterfalls, and ancient petroglyphs.
5. Sierra Nevada del Cocuy National Park
Located in the Colombian Andes, this park holds the largest glacial mass in South America. You can see 18 mountain peaks, waterfalls, and glacial lakes. The indigenous U’wa community inhabits this sacred land. It is one of the best hiking places in Colombia, designed for experienced trekkers.
If you take a tour, you will see unspoiled nature and few tourists. Fauna includes spectacled bears, deer, and Andean condors. We advise you to hire a guide and plan well in advance.
Bonus: 2 More Parks You Should Know
To give you a complete picture of 5 National Parks In Colombia, we must mention two other heavy hitters often highlighted by experts:
Chingaza National Natural Park
Just a short drive from Bogotá, Chingaza is a massive páramo ecosystem supplying water to the capital. It is the best place to spot the Spectacled Bear and deer. The landscape features dramatic high-altitude lakes (lagunas) and unique frailejón plants.
Los Nevados National Natural Park
Situated in the Coffee Region, this park features active volcanoes like Nevado del Ruiz. It offers a volcanic landscape with snow-capped peaks and is near the famous Cocora Valley, home to the giant wax palms (Colombia’s national tree).
Health Note: Before visiting these parks, check if you need a Yellow Fever vaccination, often required for Amazonian and coastal reserves.